Know Your IP

Know Your IP

Join a list of IP addresses against everything known about them.

Built for research: hand it ten thousand addresses and it stays inside every API’s rate limit, never pays for the same lookup twice, doesn’t lose a row when a service goes down, and records enough about the run that you can defend the numbers in a paper months later.

It does something useful before you sign up for anything.

Thirty seconds, no account needed

import know_your_ip as kyi

result = kyi.enrich(["66.249.66.1", "199.27.76.249"], providers=["rdap", "ranges"])

for row in result.canonical:
    print(
        row["ip"],
        row.get("registry_handle"),
        row.get("bot_name"),
        row.get("hosting_provider"),
    )

66.249.66.1 NET-66-249-64-0-1 googlebot None
199.27.76.249 NET-199-27-72-0-1 None fastly

One is Google’s crawler, the other is Fastly’s CDN — no API key, no database download, no account. Add keys later for reputation and exposure data.

One column per variable, not one per vendor

Providers spell the same thing differently. Ask five of them about an address and “country” comes back about fifteen times, meaning three different things: MaxMind alone returns country.iso_code, country.geoname_id, and the country name in ten languages — plus a separate registered_country, which is where the block is registered and routinely differs from where the address is used.

result.canonical does the reconciliation, and says how much the sources agreed:

column	meaning
country_code	the value sources settled on
country_code.sources	which providers answered
country_code.agree	whether they concurred (absent if only one did)
country_code.values	the distinct answers, when they disagreed

Disagreement is reported rather than resolved away. Geolocation sources genuinely differ, and every other tool hides that behind one confident answer.

import know_your_ip as kyi

result = kyi.enrich(["8.8.8.8"], providers=["rdap", "ranges"])
print(result.disagreements)

result.tidy() gives the same data in long form — one row per address, field, and source — which is the shape for comparing sources, and for a paper’s appendix.

Why not just call the APIs yourself?

You can. Thirty lines of requests gets you the first hundred addresses. It’s the next ten thousand that hurt, and these are the four things you end up building:

Your loop will hit rate limits. VirusTotal’s free tier is four requests a minute. Here, requests are paced per provider from published limits — six concurrent lookups on that tier finish in thirty seconds with zero rate errors, so raising concurrency is safe rather than counterproductive.

Re-running will cost you a day. VirusTotal allows 500 lookups daily, so a 5,000-address study is a ten-day job you can’t repeat after a reviewer asks a question. Results cache to disk; the second run costs nothing.

One bad service will cost you rows. A timeout mid-loop loses everything after it. Here a failing provider becomes a value in that row, not an exception — malformed addresses are skipped, not fatal, and identical failures are reported once rather than ten thousand times.

You’ll be asked where the numbers came from. Every run produces a manifest: package version, which providers ran, a fingerprint of the settings, cache hits, and per-provider error counts.

And one thing you probably wouldn’t build: because results are appended rather than overwritten, enriching the same list monthly leaves you with a panel dataset as a side effect.

What you can find out

Organised by the question, not by the vendor.

Question	Where it comes from	Needs an account?
Is this address even routable?	Offline classification — private, loopback, CGNAT, reserved	No
What does it call itself?	Reverse DNS	No
Who is it registered to, and who do I report abuse to?	RDAP, the registry system that replaced WHOIS	No
Where is it?	MaxMind GeoLite2 · Censys	Free database · free tier
Has it been reported for abuse?	AbuseIPDB · VirusTotal	Free tiers
What is it running, and what’s exposed?	Censys · Shodan	Free tier · paid
Is it a VPN, proxy, or datacenter?	Published cloud/CDN ranges · APIVoid	No · paid
Is it a Tor exit, or a search crawler?	Tor Project · Google and Bing range files	No
How does the network reach it?	ping, traceroute	No

Knowing what isn’t routable matters more than it sounds: real address data is full of RFC1918, and spending metered quota to be told 192.168.1.1 is private is waste.

Working with batches

import know_your_ip as kyi

result = kyi.enrich_csv(
    "addresses.csv",
    "enriched.csv",
    column="ip",
    cache="cache.sqlite",  # second run costs no quota
    max_workers=10,  # safe: pacing is per provider
)

print(f"{len(result)} rows, errors: {result.errors}")

Or from the shell:

know_your_ip --file addresses.csv --cache cache.sqlite -o enriched.csv
know_your_ip --list-providers      # what's registered and what each costs

Into pandas, if you’d rather:

import know_your_ip as kyi

df = kyi.enrich(["8.8.8.8"], providers=["network"]).to_dataframe()

Reproducibility

Every run describes itself:

import json

import know_your_ip as kyi

result = kyi.enrich(["8.8.8.8"], providers=["network"])
print(json.dumps(result.manifest, indent=2)[:200])

Save it next to your results and the table can be regenerated and defended. API keys are deliberately excluded from the fingerprint, so the manifest is safe to publish.

Asking about the past is honest about what it doesn’t know:

from datetime import date

import know_your_ip as kyi

result = kyi.enrich(["8.8.8.8"], as_of=date(2019, 3, 14))
print(result.manifest["providers"])

No provider can answer for 2019 yet, so none of them pretends to — you get an empty provider list rather than today’s data wearing a 2019 label. As historical sources land they’ll honour the same contract.

Install

Python 3.11+.

pip install know_your_ip

The base install is deliberately small — three dependencies, no accounts needed. Optional extras:

pip install 'know_your_ip[pandas]'    # to_dataframe()
pip install 'know_your_ip[shodan]'    # Shodan
pip install 'know_your_ip[timezone]'  # offline timezone lookup

Configuration

Keys go in know_your_ip.toml, in the working directory or ~/.config/know-your-ip/config.toml:

[abuseipdb]
enabled = true
api_key = "..."
days = 180          # lookback window; API maximum is 365

[virustotal]
enabled = true
api_key = "..."

Or as environment variables — KNOW_YOUR_IP_VIRUSTOTAL_API_KEY and so on. Unknown keys and sections are rejected rather than ignored, so a typo fails loudly instead of silently disabling a provider.

Generate a complete annotated file:

from pathlib import Path

from know_your_ip import create_default_config

create_default_config(Path("know_your_ip.toml"))

Geolocation database

MaxMind needs a free account since 2019. Once you have an account ID and license key:

know_your_ip download-db --account-id YOUR_ID --license-key YOUR_KEY

It lands where the package looks for it, with no further configuration. GeoLite2 allows 30 downloads per 24 hours, and its licence requires deleting outdated copies within 30 days.

Where to look next

• examples/example.ipynb — a walkthrough that runs with no accounts

• examples/example.py — each provider, then all together

• Documentation — full API reference

• CONTRIBUTING.md — adding a provider

Command line reference

usage: know_your_ip [-h] [-f FILE] [-c CONFIG] [-o OUTPUT] [-n MAX_CONN]
                    [--from FROM_ROW] [--to TO] [--all-columns]
                    [--providers PROVIDERS] [--as-of AS_OF] [--cache [PATH]]
                    [--max-age HOURS] [--list-providers]
                    [--log-file LOG_FILE] [-v] [--no-header]
                    [ip ...]

Citation

If this package contributes to published work, see CITATION.cff.

Authors

Suriyan Laohaprapanon and Gaurav Sood. Released under the MIT License.

---

Intended for legitimate research, security analysis, and network diagnostics. Respect each service’s terms and rate limits.

Contents:

• Background
  • Geolocating an IP
  • Timezone
  • Ping and traceroute
  • Exposed services
  • Reputation and abuse
  • Query limits
• API reference
  • ConfigurationError
  • EnrichResult
  • InvalidIPError
  • KnowYourIPConfig
  • abuseipdb_api()
  • apivoid_api()
  • canonicalize()
  • censys_api()
  • create_default_config()
  • enrich()
  • enrich_csv()
  • geonames_timezone()
  • load_config()
  • maxmind_geocode_ip()
  • ping()
  • query_ip()
  • range_lookup()
  • select_columns()
  • shodan_api()
  • tidy()
  • timezone_at()
  • traceroute()
  • validate_ip()
  • virustotal_api()
  • The join
  • Published network ranges

Indices and tables

• Index

• Module Index

• Search Page